重金属及有机污染土壤转基因植物修复研究进展

Application of Transgenic Plants in Phytoremediation for Contaminated Soil by Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants

植物修复是以植物忍耐和富集某种或某些有机或无机污染物为理论基础,利用植物或植物与微生物的共生体系,清除环境中污染物的一门环境生物技术,其核心是对植物能忍耐和超量积累重金属的生物学特性的利用。其具有费用低廉、节约土地资源或储藏费用、利用植物本身特性、不破坏生态环境和无二次污染等多方面的优点,有望成为一项具有广阔应用前景的治理重金属污染土壤的全新技术。基因工程技术应用于植物修复将是今后污染土壤修复研究领域的一个重要方向,这将为污染土壤植物修复的普遍推广提供了更大的可能。本文综述了近年来国内外重金属和有机物污染环境的转基因植物修复研究进展情况,重点介绍了重金属耐性基因和有机污染物耐性基因在植物清除土壤重金属和有机物污染中的应用。

Phytoremediation employs the use of plants, alone or together with their associated microorganisms, to degrade,contain or stabilize various environmental contaminants in soil, water, and air. The advantages of phytoremediation are： 1） It is an aesthetically pleasing, solar-energy driven cleanup technology;2） There is minimal environmental disruption and in situ treatment preserves topsoil; 3） It is useful for treating a broad range of environmental contaminants; and 4） it is inexpensive （60% - 80% or even less costly ） than conventional physico-chemical methods. Phytoremediation is wildly viewed as the ecologically responsible alternative to the environmentally destructive physical remediation methods currently practiced. With the development of genic engineering technology, transgenic plants play a major role in this field. This paper introduced the significant progress of the phytoremediation of soil with heavy metals and organic pollutants by transgenic plants.