全球变化影响下青岛海岸带地理环境的演变

Geographic Environmental Evolution in the Qingdao Coastal Area Under the Influence of Global Change

在全球变化的影响下,近50多年来青岛海岸带地区的地理环境要素发生了许多超常的变化。其中,年平均气温1991-2002年比20世纪50年代上升了0.94℃,同期最冷月1月平均气温上升了2.18℃,≥10℃的天数由每年207.6d增至218.5d,近海年平均海水温度在20世纪60年代为13.45℃,而1991-2002年为14.20℃,上升了0.75℃。海岸沙滩侵蚀加剧,20世纪90年代以来灵山湾每年蚀退达7m;胶州湾面积由1952年的559km2缩减为2002年的382km2;滨海澙湖湿地几乎全部消失捎诤0洞蚝退碌谋渑寡芯壳参锶郝浞⑸浠?如茶树从南方引中成功并形成产业,一些本来在长江三角洲地区越冬的鸟类(如大天鹅)已迁至山东半岛越冬;某些生活在温暖海洋中的海洋动物也频现青岛。

Under the influence of global change, many extraordinary changes in the geographic environmental elements in the Qingdao coastal area have occurred in the last 50 years. Compared with those in the 1950s, the annual mean air temperature during 1991 to 2002 has increased by 0.94℃, the monthly mean air temperature in the coldest month（January） has increased by 21.8℃, and the number of days with average air temperature of 10℃ or above in a year has increased from 207.6 days to 218.5 days. The annual mean sea sufrace temperature in the Qingdao offshore area in the 1960s was 13.45℃, and that during 1991 to 2002 was 14.20℃, so the annual mean sea surface temperature has increased by 0.75℃. The sandy beaches in the Qingdao coastal area have been seriously eroded since 1990s, for example, the shoreline of the Lingshan Bay southwest of Qingdao has been eroded at an annual mean retreating rate of 7m since 1990s, and the area of the Jiaozhou Bay has decreased from 559km^2 in 1952 to 382km^2 in 2002. Most of lagoonal wetlands in the Qingdao coastal area have disappeared due to the construction of artificial sturcutres along the coast. Because of the rise in the air and sea surface temperatures in the coastal area, the biotic community in the study area has changed gradually, for example, the tea trees have been transplanted in the Qingdao coastal area to form an important industry, some birds（such as Cygnus） used to overwinter in the Changjiang River delta area and have overwintered in the Shandong Peninsula area, and some marine animals to prefer to live in warm sea waters have been found frequently in the Qingdao sea area in recent years.