胶州湾浮游植物群落结构及其变化的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Phytoplankton Community Structure and Its Changes in the Jiaozhou Bay

利用2003年胶州湾调查资料,分析了浮游植物群落结构及其与温度和营养盐的相关性。结果表明,胶州湾浮游植物群落主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,生态类型为近岸广布种、温带种和暖温带种以及少数暖水种。浮游植物数量一年中出现2次高峰期,主高峰出现在9月,次高峰出现在2月,低值期在7月和10月至翌年1月期间。浮游植物数量较近几年继续降低,尤其是峰值。浮游植物在春季以角毛藻、丹麦细柱藻、中肋骨条藻和冰河拟星杆藻为优势种群,夏季至秋初暖水性近岸种中华齿状藻、泰晤式旋鞘藻和广温性种星脐圆筛藻占优势地位,而秋季至冬初羽纹硅藻和派格棍形藻逐渐占优势地位,并一直持续整个冬季。溶解无机氮、硅酸盐和磷酸盐与硅藻丰度无明显相关性(R2<0.1)。中心硅藻丰度与溶解态无机氮呈线性负相关(R2=0.4399),而与硅酸盐和磷酸盐无明显相关性(R2<0.1)。群落多样性指数与中心硅藻丰度和硅酸盐呈线性相关(R2=0.3198和0.4443)。

In this paper, the observed data in the Jiaozhou Bay in 2003 are used to analyze the correlation of phytoplankton community structure with temperature and nutrients. It is shown from the analysis results that the phytoplankton community in the Jiaozhou Bay is composed mainly of diatom and dinoflagellate, and the ecological types are neritic eurytopic species, temperate species, warm temperate species and few warm water species. There are 2 peaks of phytoplankton cell number in a year, the primary peak occurs in September, the second peak occurs in February, and the phytoplankton cell number in July and the period from October to next Jannuary remains at a low value level. The phytoplankton cell number, especially its peak value has been decreasing in recent years. The dominant phytoplankton species in spring are Chaetoceros, Leptocvlindrus danicus , Skeletonema costatum and Asterionellopsis glacialis , those in summer and early autumn are neritic warm water species Odontella sinensis and Helicothela tamesis and eurythermic species Coscinodiscus asteromphalu, and those in autumn and winter are Pennatae and Bacillaria paxillifera. The correlation of diatom abundance with DIN, phosphate and silicate is less significant （R^2〈0. 1）, the negative correlation of Centricae abundance and DIN is significant（R^2=0. 439 9） ,and the correlation of Centricae abundance with silicate and phosphate is less significant（R^2〈0. 1）. The correlation of community diversity index with Centricae abundance and silicate is significant（R^2=0. 319 8 and 0. 444 3）.