试论一般现在时独立句直陈语气的语义

本文尝试从语义和语用角度对现在时独立句的直陈语气进行阐述。文中回顾了几位外国语言学家对情态性概念的阐释,选择了FrancisJames的解释和对其的分类—理论情态性即话语与外部世界相对应和实用情态性即外部世界与话语相对应—将其作为分析框架。本文认为结合语用信息现在时独立句直陈语气的语义分析才完整。语用信息包括形式特征,句子的交际目的和随语境变化的观点。结合语用信息,现在时独立句直陈语气除了可以表示事实陈述以外,还可以表示推测、猜想和信念等。

The paper illustrates the present indicative of independent clause from semantic and pragmatic point of view. Several foreign linguists＇ explanations of the notion ＂modality＂ are reviewed in the paper and the author chooses Francis James＇--the theoretical （words-to-match-world） modality and practical （world-to-match-words） modality--as the framework of his analysis. It is believed that the semantic analysis of present indicative of independent clause cannot be complete until it is combined with pragmatic information. The pragmatic information includes formal features, communicative purpose of the clause and the point of view which changes with the context. Combined with the pragmatic information, the present indicative of independent clause can mean supposition, guess, belief or the like.