基于旅游调控规划的湖泊旅游环境评价研究——以云南高原湖泊为例

STUDY ON ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF LAKES TOURISM BASED ON ADJUSTIVE AND MANIPULATIVE PLANNING——A Case Study of Plateau in Yunnan

旅游环境是旅游研究的重要领域之一,而湖泊环境是湖滨开发旅游的最核心的要素之一。随着旅游业成为云南主导产业,云南高原的主要湖泊都已开发为旅游区。本文对云南高原主要湖泊的水质、噪声、大气环境、垃圾处理、旅游容量利用强度和绿化率等环境监测数据进行了定量分析,这些指标表明云南各主要湖滨旅游区的环境质量都存在一定的问题。造成目前主要湖滨旅游区生态环境质量问题的原因是多方面的,但是湖滨旅游度假区正日益成为湖泊污染的一大源头。本文通过资料对比分析,说明和验证了各主要湖泊湖滨旅游区环境效应的影响程度和范围,为湖区旅游环境的调控规划提供了基础支撑作用。

The tourism environment is one of the important research fields of tourism .The author thinks that lake environment is the core element of tourism exploitation for lakes. With tourism turning into one of thedomain industry in Yunnan, the primary lakes in the plateau of Yunnan have become tourism areas， The paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic procedures for Eco-Environmental quality assessment of tourism areas, which include the qualitative orientation of the tourism areas, the assessment index, the environmental inspection and the investigation of ecological orientation, the assessment of the Eco-Environmental factors, etc. The second is the core part, which includes establishment of tourism area of lakes, index elected and assessed, standard designed, environmental elements assessed,environmental quality partitioned in the different areas of lakes. The general analyzing and the comparative analyzing methods were adopted in this part. There is the main quantitative analysis accompanying with qualitative analysis. The paper mainly assesses environmental standards of water quality, noise, atmospheric environment, garbage disposal, carrying capacity of tourism, green ratio of the plateau of Yunnan. These guidelines indicate that there are environmental problems in the tourism areas of primary lakes in the Yunnan.At last, on the basis of the analyses, some conclusions are made as following： 1） The restrictive and sensitive factor is the water quality of the physical environment in lakeshores tourism areas.2） All kinds of environment indexes show that the environmental quality has some problems in the main lakeshores tourism areas in Yunan Province. However, the degree polluted is still under the limitation of restoration and control. 3） There are many causes that affect the environmental quality in the lakeshores tourism areas at present and the main cause may be the development of the industry and agriculture and the daily life of residents in the region.Some materials show that the tourism areas are becoming a main source to the lake pollution. 4） The polluted areas of the main lakeshores tourism areas distributed irregularly and in small patches. The rule of distribution patterns according to the polluted degree is： town areas 〉 tourism areas 〉 commonly exploited areas 〉unexploited areas. 5） The quality rank of main lakes environment is offered。