论文化生态学的理论发展与新构架

DISCUSSION ON THE THEORY FRAMEWORK OF CULTURAL ECOLOGY

本文本着批判地吸收不同学科领域有关文化生态的理论和方法,在系统论与生态观的指导下,积极发挥地理学研究文化生态学的优势,对文化生态学从基本概念到核心理论进行了重构,阐发了以文化生态系统为其研究对象、现代文化生态学的宏观、中观、微观研究领域观点。试图籍此完善文化生态学的理论体系并进一步增强其实践性。

Though studies on Cultural Ecology have been rapidly developed and widely applied in cultural anthropology, cultural sociology, landscape ecology and cultural geography in the last half century, the systemic theory of cultural ecology has not been formed by now. All those theories, which construct the main theories of cultural ecology, are simpler than the specialty sound system. The paper reviews the characteristics of above theories and their development. The author considers that the culture-ecology adaptation theory （created by Julian. H. Steward in 1955） is the basis of modem Cultural Ecology. Chinese scholars on this theory have made much demonstration. In the recent 20 years, landscape ecology has paid more attention to cultural signification to landscapes＇ reform and gives some relation principles of culture and landscape that benefit to cultural ecology. Geography researchers regard human being sphere as one of the earth first systems and advance the theories below. The relation between human being and the earth has always been the central question in geography, but it is neither systemic nor fitting to the whole of cultural ecology with its level and emphases. In order to strengthen the independence of cultural ecology and to stand out the advantages of cultural geography, the author integrates all these theories and constructs a new theory system of modem cultural ecology. In this system, cultural landscape, cultural community, cultural ecology system, cultural advance and cultural region are considered its important conceptions. Cultural ecology system is determined to be the object of the study of cultural ecology. As main bodies of the systemic theory, system structure theory,ecology function theory and landscape influence theory are discussed particularly。