心理学的价值取向与伦理思维

Value Approach and Ethical Thinking in Psychology

在心理学的发展中横贯着科学主义与人文主义两种价值取向和科学思维与伦理思维两种思维范式的矛盾与冲突。虽然两种价值取向和两种思维范式在心理学的发展中都起到了各自的积极作用,但二者最终都成为心理学发展的桎梏,尤其是主流心理学过于偏重科学主义与科学思维,忽视了人文主义与伦理思维。心理学的发展要融合两种价值取向与两种思维范式。现代心理学一方面要遵从伦理学的约束,解决好被试的身心健康、隐私问题以及实验的欺骗性问题,同时随着现代心理学的发展,伦理学也要考虑人的未来行为、整体行为,关注人以外的自然,关注更大时空内的社会责任,从而构建现代伦理学的新体系。

There are two value approaches which are scientific and humanist, or two thinking models which are scientific thinking and ethical thinking in the process of psychological development. They have played positive roles respectively in the process of psychological development, but they also hindered the process of psychological development respectively. Specially, main psychology laid particular stress on scientific approach and thinking, but looked down on humanist and ethical thinking. The two value approaches ＇or thinking models should be integrated in the process of psychological development. Modern psychology should on one hand abide by ethics, and on the other deal with the problems such as the mental health of participants, their privacy, deception in experiment and so on. Meanwhile, modern ethics should take into account the future behavior and whole behavior of human beings, and pay attention to nature and social responsibilities, so that a new system of modern ethics can be constructed.