贺兰山岩羊不同年龄和性别昼间时间分配的季节差异

Seasonal Variation of Diurnal Activity Budgets byBlue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) with DifferentAge-sex Classes in Helan Mountain

2003年11月—2004年10月在宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区苏峪口国家森林公园,在每个月的11—20日采用瞬时扫描取样法,利用SJ1型电子事件记录器观察记录岩羊的取食、休息、运动、站立和其他行为。冬季每天的观察时间为8:00—17:00,春、秋季为7:00—18:00,夏季为6:00—20:00。采用非参数估计中的2个相关样本的Wilcoxon检验、2个独立样本的MannWhitneyU检验和K个独立样本的KruskalWallisH检验对岩羊不同性别、年龄以及季节变化进行了比较。结果表明,①岩羊行为的年时间分配,取食行为最高[(63.49±7.82)%];其次是休息[(19.32±6.79)%];运动和站立较低[分别占(8.03±0.91)%和(6.66±0.57)%];其他行为所占比例最低[(2.67±0.34)%];一年中7月取食行为最低,休息最高;而在2月取食最高,运动、站立和其他行为变化不大。②春夏秋3个季节的昼间取食行为均呈现2个(清晨和黄昏)明显高峰;冬季1天中取食均达到60%以上,其他行为明显高于另外3个季节。③不同年龄年取食行为:成体和亚成体>幼体;休息:成体和亚成体<幼体;运动和站立:幼体<成体和亚成体;亚成体的运动高于成体,而站立低于成体。④不同性别月取食行为:雄性在2月最高,其余月份均低于70%;而雌性虽然也是2月最高,但从11月—次年2月均超过70%;休息行为雌雄接近;运动行为雄性高于雌性。贺兰山岩羊的昼间时间分配与许多温带有蹄类动物一样,食物数量和质量的变化以及岩羊自身不同的生长阶段和生理时期是决定其昼间时间分配的主要因素。

The daytime activity budgets of blue sheep （Pseudois nayaur ） in Suyukou National Park, Helan Mountain, were studied from November 2003 to October 2004. Blue sheep＇s activities were recorded by instantaneous and scan sampling methods. We observed feeding, lying, moving, standing and other behaviors from the 10^th to 20^th days every month with a SJ-1 Event Recorder. Data were collected from 8：00 - 17：00 in winter, from 7：00-18：00 in spring and autumn, and from 6：00-20：00 in summer. We used the non-parametric Wilcoxon test to compare differences in the time budgets between male and female sheep. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to test activity budgets among age classes. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was also used to make comparisons of time budgets among ecological seasons. Feeding was the principal activity of blue sheep and accounted for 63.49±7.82 % of their activities. Lying was the second principal activity, accounting for 19.32±6.79% of their activities. The remaining time was devoted to the other three activities （standing, moving, and other behaviours）. The percentage of daytime spent feeding reached its highest level in February, and reached its lowest level in July. Sheep decreased their time spent lying to its highest level in July. During three seasons （spring, summer and autumn）, blue sheep showed a morning and evening peak of feeding. Feeding remained at relatively higher levels （over 60% ） in winter. Sheep spent a relatively higher percentage of time in other activities in winter than any other seasons. Adult and subadult sheep forage more than did kids; lambs spent more time in lying than did adult and subadult sheep ; adult and subadult sheep devoted more time to moving and standing than did kids ; kids spent more time standing than did adults. In February, the percentage of daytime spent feeding by male and female sheep reached its highest level. Feeding time spent by males remained a relatively constant level （〈70%） in other months. However, time spent feeding by females remained at high levels （〉70% ） from November in 2003 to February in 2004. There was not a significant difference in the percentage of daytime spent lying between males and females. Male sheep spent more time moving than did females. Like other temperate ungulates, quality and quantity of forage plants, growth and physiological phases all contributed to the daytime activity budgets of blue sheep.