元认知能力的构成、作用与培养概述

On the Structure, Function and Development of Metacognition

元认知的实质是对认知的认知,是个体对自己的认知加工过程的自我觉察、自我反省、自我评价与自我调节,它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个成分。元认知的发展水平直接制约着个体智力的发展,对学生的学习有着重要影响,因此,教学中对学生进行元认知开发、提高学生的元认知发展水平,对于教会学生学会学习、促进学生智力发展无疑具有重要作用。

Metacognition is a new concept which is of great importance to students＇ study. It is the individual＇ s selfawareness, self- examination, self- evaluation and regulation in the process of cognition. It is made up metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience and metacognitive monitoring. The level of metacognitive development directly affects a student＇s study performance. So it is very important to improve the level of students＇ metacognition. In this article, we present the theory base for developing metacognition and a series of measures to develop students＇ metacognitive level.