奥古斯丁:内在逻各斯的普遍性

Augustine: The Universality of the Inner Logos

奥古斯丁在西方解释学史上具有重要的地位,这不仅表现在《圣经》解释学上,而且也表现在哲学的解释学方面。他接受了西方古代的斯多葛学派关于“内在逻各斯”与“外在逻各斯”的区分,并将其运用到基督教教义(如“道成肉身”、“三位一体”)的解释中,明确了在上帝那里,这两者只有理论上的差别,而在实际上是统一的,但在人那里,这两者并不总是能统一。这种差别导致了人在对内在逻各斯的追求中的过程因素,并体现为一种辩证法的精神。这些思想对伽达默尔产生了巨大的影响。这种影响集中表现在后者对解释学的普遍性的理解方面,而这种普遍性指的是内在的逻各斯,而不是外在的逻各斯。伽达默尔在这方面与奥古斯丁存在着的内在的一致性,是我们深刻地理解哲学解释学的思想之关键。

Augustine is an important figure in the history of hermeneutics of the West, and his influence finds expression not only in his biblical hermeneutics but also in philosophical hermeneutics. Augustine accepted the distinctions between 'inner logos' and 'external logs' by Stoicism of the West and applied it to the interpretation of Christianity, arguing that there are only theoretical differences when God being taken into consideration, and as far as man is concerned, the two cannot always be unified. This kind of difference reveals the influential factors in the process of pursuing inner logos, which is embodied in a spirit of dialecticism. Gadamer was much under the influence of Augustine's hermeneutics, that is, the inner logos rather than the external logos. Gadamer shares with Augustine the basic ideas in this aspect, which is the key to a deep understanding of philosophical hermeneutics.