“道”——先秦儒道哲学本体论研究

The Ontological Study of the Pre-Qin Confucianist and Taoist Philosophy

中国哲学研究历来重视先秦道家哲学“道”本体论在中国哲学史上的原创地位,而比较忽视儒家哲学创始人孔子的“道”本体哲学思想。文章认为,“道”是孔老哲学共同的本体论核心范畴,意指天地万物之本原、本质、本性;它既是一种物质实体,又是一种精神实体,“混沌”、“变通”、“阴阳”、“虚静”是表述“道”本体特征的几个重要范畴;“道”是中国哲学“天人合一”基元命题的本体论依据,也是中国古典美学和谐本质论的逻辑起点。

In the study of Chinese philosophy, more importance has long been given to the original place of the Pre-Qin Taoist ＂Dao＂ in Chinese philosophical history than to the philosophical thoughts of the ＂Dao＂ of Confucius, the initiator of the Confucianist philosophy. It is claimed in this paper that ＂Dad＇ is the common core of Confucius＇ and Lao Zi＇s philosophy, referring to the origin, essence and nature of the universe and all things in it, that ＂Dao＂ is both a material and a spiritual entity, with chaos, flexibility, yin and yang being the important categories to represent its ontological features; and that ＂Dao＂ is the logical starting-point of ＂harmonious nature＂ in classical Chinese aesthetics as well as the ontological basis for the ＂compatibility of heaven and man＂ notion.