回顾20世纪西方7国森林与林业政策的变迁

Looking back the Vincissitudes of Forest and Forestry Policy of Western 7 Coutries in Twentieth Century

回顾了西方7国20世纪的森林与林业政策的变迁。欧美7国的森林与林业政策有其特定的历史背景和各自的长短;根据笔者短期赴现地的调查研究和大量的文献资料查阅,简单总结了西方7国的林业生产状况、环保运动起因、政策转变过程等情况,并简述了各国最终都逐步走向“生态系统管理(EM)”或“近自然林业(CTNF)”等趋势;笔者从立足东亚、“旁观者清”的角度试图提供一点比较客观的欧美所谓的“林业发达国家”的线索,以供中国读者对21世纪初的“广义新林业”引发新的思考。

This paper has Looked back the vicissitudes of forest and forestry policy in the Western 7 Countries in the twentieth century.The forest and forestry policy in the seven countries from both Europe and America enjoys their respective specified historic background and their respective advantages and shortcomings.According to the investigation and research from the author＇s short-term site visit and a quantities of literature consultation,this paper makes a simple summary to forestry production condition,the cause of environmental protection drive, and policychanging process, etc.And,this paper has also made a simple narration to the trend that each country has finally and gradually turned into “ecological system management（EM）”or“closing to nature forestry （CTNF）”,etc.From the angle of basing on East Asia with the onlooker seeing the game best,the author tries to provide clues of so-called “forestry developed countries of both Europe and America” ,which are fairly objective,with the aim to trigger a new thinking over“the new forestry in a broad sense”at the very beginning of the twenty-first century for Chinese readers.