试析《佃农理论》与农地资源配置方式的多元化

Analysis of the Theory of Share Tenancy and Variable Rural Land Resource Allocation

农地的五个特性决定了人类要合理配置利用农地资源.张五常《佃农理论》依照农地产权制度、交易费用的关系指出定额租约、分成合约、工资合约在零交易成本的情形下都可能是有效率的合约安排;在交易费用为正的情形下,不同的合约可能导致不同的资源配置效率.因此,明晰产权,降低农地配置的交易费用是农地资源合理配置的分配前提;在社会主义市场经济社会,产权的多样化必将促进我国农地资源配置方式多元化格局的形成.

Reasonable allocation and utilization of rural land resource are determined by five traits of rural land.According to the relationship between the system of rural land ownership right and the trading expense, Cheung Steyen N. S. , concluded in “The Theory of Share Tenancy” that fixed rent , share contract and wage contract might be efficient contract disposition on condition of zero trading cost. Different contracts may result in different resource allocation efficiency if the trading cost is positive. The writer of this paper draws a conclusion accordingly that the prerequisites for reasonable allocation of land resource lies in clarification of ownership and demotion of trading cost for rural land allocation and, a variety of ownerships will promote the making of pluralized pattern of rural land resource allocation in socialist market economy in China.