11.Packer M,Bristow M R,Cohn I N,et al.Effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure.N Engl J Med,1996,334:1349-1355.
2CIBIS-Ⅱ investigators and committees.The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study Ⅱ(CIBIS Ⅱ) a randomized trial.Lancet,1999,353(9146): 9-13.
3MERIT-HF study group.Effect of metoprolo CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF).Lancet,1999,353: 2001-2007.
4Bristow M R.Mechanism of action of beta-blocking agents in heart failure.Am J Cardiol,1997,80(11A):26L-40L.
5Bristow M R.Why does the myocardium fail? Insights from basic science.Lancet,1998,352(Suppl 1):8-14.
6Pepper G S,Lee R W.Sympathetic activation in heart failure and its treatment with β-blockade.Arch Intern Med,1999,159(8):225-234.
7Squire I B,Barnett D B.The rational use of β-adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment of heart failure.The changing face of an old therapy.Br J Clin Pharmacol,2000,49:1-9.
8Eichhorn E J,Bristow M R.Medical therapy can improve the biological properties of the chronically failing heart.A new era in the treatment of heart failure.Circulation,1996,94(9):2285-2296.
9Constant J.A review of why and how we may use β-blockers in congestive heart failure.Chest,1998,113:800-808.
10Rockmam H A,Chien K R,Choi D J,et al.Expression of a β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95:7000-7005.
