广东省7～18岁儿童少年生长发育及营养状况分析

Study on the Growth and Development and Nutritional Status of Adolescents and Children Aged 7-18

目的了解广东省7～18岁儿童少年生长发育及营养状况,为青少年生长发育的研究提供依据.方法采用4阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在广东省各调查市(县)抽取3个街道(乡镇),每街道(乡镇)抽取2个居委会(村),每居委会(村)抽取90户,以7～18岁人群为对象;在城市增加1所小学,从7～12岁每个年龄组随机抽取50名学生.对所有对象进行身高、体重测量.结果广东省7～18岁儿童少年的生长发育符合一般规律,身高和体重随年龄的增长而增长,城乡和性别之间差异存在显著性;城、乡儿童少年的身高生长虽然有快慢之分,但最终达到同一水平.青春期有提前和缩短的趋势.与1995年相比,营养正常率显著下降,肥胖和超重比例显著上升,营养不良率有上升趋势.结论广东省7～18岁儿童少年的营养状况不容乐观,肥胖已成为主要健康问题.应采取有效的干预措施,控制肥胖率的上升,同时降低营养不良率.

Objective To study the growth and development and nutritional status, and to provide basis for the research on growth and development of children and adolescents. Methods With 4-stage random sampling method, 3 streets （or townships） from each investigated city （or county） were chosen. From each of the 3 streets （or townships）, 2 district conanittees （or villages） were chosen. And from each of the 2 district committees （or village）, 90 households were selected randomly, 50 students were selected from each group of the students aged 7 - 12 years in primary, school in city. All the subjects＇ body height and weight were measured. Results The growth and development of the adolescents and children was in accordance with the regular discipline. The body weight and height increased with age. There were differences in sex and district between city. and rural. Although had different speed of growth in height, the children in rural and city reached the .same level in the end, Adolescence had tendency of advance and shortening. Compare to 1995, the rate of normal nutrition decreased significantly, and the prevalence of obesity, overweight and malnutritiou increased. Conclusion The nutritional status of residents aged 7 - 18 is not optinfistic. Obesity has become the major health problem. Effective intervention measures shotdd be implemented to decrease the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition.