学潮与教授:抗战前后政治与学术互动的一个考察

Professors and Students in China during World War Ⅱ: The Political Involvement of Intellectuals in a War Time

抗战时期,昆明获“民主堡垒”的美誉与中国高等学府之南迁自有关系,但若把民主、自由思想在联大等大学中的成长壮大,完全归结于自由主义、中间势力的影响,或者中共地下活动的发展,显然不全面。国民党在校园的活动,特别是一些学术活动十分活跃,其目的虽在“党化”校园,但也使不同政治色彩的教授参与其中。教授中间的左、中、右三派曾和平共处,交往频繁。随着内战的全面爆发,国民党对学界的政策,从笼络转向高压,惨案迭次发生,左、中、右三派的重叠交叉不复存在。从抗战后期教授、学生和政府之间的三角互动中已可见国民党败势之端倪。

Although the southward migration of Chinese colleges and universities during the Anti-Japanese War was partly related to Kunming's reputation as the“fortress of democracy,”it is obviously inadequate to account for the spread of democratic and liberal ideas on the campus solely on the basis of liberalism and middle forces, or of the underground activities of the CPC on campus. The KMT (Nationalist Party) was also an active actor on campus, especially in terms of academic activities. These involved professors across the political spectrum, despite the KMT's original purpose of converting the campus to its Party interests. There was a time when professors on the left, the middle and the right got along in peace with frequent contacts. However, when the civil war erupted in full strength, the KMT moved from blandishments to suppression, resulting in tragic incidents and leading to the end of the overlap between the left, the middle and the right. The interactions among professors, students and the state in the late period of the Anti-Japanese War heralded the later defeat of the KMT.