编制大学生自我完美主义问卷

Compilation of self-perfection questionnaire for undergraduates

目的:编制适合中国文化背景的大学生自我完美主义问卷。对其进行探索性因素分析和信度、效度检验,以期为中国大学生自我完美主义倾向的诊断和干预提供一个有效的工具。方法:于2002-03/04随机选择涪陵师范学院一、二、三年级各1个班共153人作为被试参与开放式问卷调查,通过对被试开放式问卷所作的回答进行分析整理,列出26道题目。对青年教师个别访谈,同时补充或删减题目得出39道题目,并参考樱井·大谷自我完美主义量表,将题目增加到43个。提出大学生自我完美主义问卷的5个构想维度,即完美欲望的倾向、高标准的倾向、担心失败的倾向、谨慎行动的倾向、关注自我的倾向。请专家对列出的题目进行审核,然后将这些题项混合,随机排列,构成具有43道题目的大学生自我完美主义问卷。对随机选取涪陵师范学院在校大学生485人作为被试对象以班为单位团体施测,评定其大学生自我完美主义倾向。采用症状自评量表评定大学生心理健康状况。并就大学生自我完美主义倾向与心理异常的相关性进行分析。1个月后,用自编大学生自我完美主义问卷对随机选取的另一个班(n=48)重测评定问卷的重测信度。结果:剔除回答不完整及有明显反应倾向的问卷52份,保留433份。问卷有效率89.3%。①根据实测的数据资料,利用统计学方法,初步建立大学生自我完美主义问卷的5个维度,即完美欲望的倾向、高标准的倾向、担心失败的倾向、谨慎行动的倾向、关注自我的倾向。并初步确立问卷的25个题目。②问卷的信度和效度:各维度及问卷的内部一致性系数都在0.50以上,且重测信度都在0.60以上,说明本问卷有良好的信度;通过因素分析得出的5个因素结构,各因素间呈中等偏低的相关,说明因素之间具有一定的独立性;而因素与问卷总分的相关基本上都达到中等偏高的相关且达到显著水平,说明各个因素较好地反映了问卷所要测查的内容。说明本问卷具有较好的结构效度。③大学生自我完美主义倾向的性别和年级差异:大学生自我完美主义倾向整体上存在着显著的年级差异,没有性别差异以及性别和年级的交互效应。男女生在自我完美主义的完美欲望的倾向和关注自我的倾向两个维度上有显著差异。除与人比较的倾向维度其余4个维度及自我完美主义倾向总体在年级上存在显著差异。④大学生自我完美主义与其心理异常的相关性分析:自我完美主义倾向与心理异常总体上呈显著的正相关。具体到自我完美主义倾向的各维度上,除了完美欲望的倾向与心理异常相关不显著以外,其余4个维度与心理异常都是呈显著的正相关。虽然完美欲望的倾向与心理异常总体不相关,但与人际关系敏感和偏执症状相关;与人比较的倾向虽与心理异常总体显著相关,但与精神病性这个症状相关不显著。结论:大学生自我完美主义问卷题目具有良好的区分度,题目数和维度设置适中,题目总体质量较高。整个问卷具有较高的稳定性,测量误差小,达到了心理测量学的基本要求;问卷的结构效度较好,符合理论构想。该问卷用于实际,对于诊断大学生自我完美主义倾向,并有针对性地对其进行心理健康教育具有一定的价值。

AIM： To compile a self-perfection questionnaire for undergraduates that fits the Chinese cultural background, perform a factor analysis exploringly and check its reliability and validity, so as to provide an effective stool for the diagnosis and intervention of the self-perfection tendency in Chinese undergraduates. METHODS： Between March and April 2002, 153 students, who were randomly selected from the first three grades of Fuling Normal University, participated in the open questionnaire inventory. By analyzing and sorting the answers to the questions in the open questionnaire, 26 items were listed. Young teachers were visited individually, and 39 items were obtained after completion or deletion, and then increased to 43 items in reference to the Sakurai.Otani self-perfection scale. Five dimensions in the questionnaire were suggested： tendency of perfect desire, tendency of high standard, tendency of worry out failure, tendency of cautious behavior and tendency of self-emphasis. Specialists were invited to verify the listed questions, and then the items were mixed and arranged randomly to form the 43-item self-perfection questionnaire for undergraduates. Totally 485 undergraduates randomly selected from Fuling Normal University were tested by taking one class as a unit to evaluate the tendency of self-perfection in undergraduates. Their mental health status was assessed with symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90）. The correlation between the tendency of self-perfection and mental abnormality was analyzed. After 1 month, another class （n=48） were tested again with the self-compiled self-perfection questionnaire for under- graduates to verify the retest reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS： 52 questionnaires were deleted for incomplete answer and obvious reaction tendency, and 433 were kept, the valid rate was 89.3%. ①According to the actually tested data, 5 dimensions in the questionnaire, including tendency of perfect desire, tendency of high standard, tendency of worry out failure, tendency of cautious behavior and tendency of self-emphasis, were primarily established by means of statistics, and 25 items in the questionnaire were also primarily established. ② Reliability and validity of the questionnaire： The concordance coefficients of the 5 dimensions and the inside of the questionnaire were all higher than 0.50, and the retested reliabilities were all higher than 0.60, it was indicated that the questionnaire had good reliability. Five factor structures were obtained through the factor analysis, there were middle and lower correlation among the factors, suggesting that the factors were independent to a certain degree, and the factors had middle and higher or even significant correlation with the total score of the questionnaire, indicating that each fact or better reflected the contents that the questionnaire wanted to test, and the questionnaire had better structural validity. ③ Differences of the tendency of self-perfection in undergraduates of different gender and grades： Generally speaking, there were significant differences among the grades but no gender difference and no interaction between gender and grades. There were significant differences in the dimensions of tendency of perfect desire and tendency of self-emphasis between males and females. Except the tendency of comparing with others, there were significant differences in the other 4 dimensions and total tendency of self-perfection among different grades. ④ Correlation between the tendency of self-perfection and mental abnormality in undergraduates： There was a positive correlation between the tendency of self-perfection and mental abnormality. Except the tendency of tendency of perfect desire, all the other 4 dimensions were significantly and positively correlated with mental abnormality. But the tendency of tendency of perfect desire had correlation with the symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation. The tendency of comparing with others was significantly correlated with mental abnormality, but had no significant correlation with psychoticism.CONCLUSION： The items in the self-perfection questionnaire for under- graduates have good differentiation, the sets of the number of items and dimensions are moderate, and the general quality of the items is higher. The questionnaire has higher stability and less error, and reaches the basic requirement of psychometrics. The structural validity of the questionnaire is better and in accordance with the theoretical scheme. The questionnaire is practical, it is significant for the diagnosis of the tendency of self-perfection in undergraduates, also for the pertinent mental health education and counseling to them.