大学生心理失衡与自我心理调适

Mental disturbance and self-adjustment in college students

目的:大学生良好的心理素质是生存和发展的资本。当前大学生的心理失衡问题较为突出并呈上升趋势,有的甚至演化为心理疾病、暴力犯罪、自杀等事件。通过对大学生自我心理教育和自我心理调适的研究,以期得到全面解决大学生心理失衡问题的方式、方法和途径。资料来源:应用计算机检索中国期刊数据库1996-01/2004-12期间与大学生心理健康相关的文章,检索词“大学生,心理健康,心理失衡,心理调适”。限定语言种类为中文。手工查阅相关书籍以供参考。资料选择:纳入条件为实验研究和综述类文章,对实验研究文章中随机、盲法、对照等条件未作限制;对观察对比研究、经验总结、个案报告等文献未作限制。排除一般性和重复性研究文章。资料提炼:共收集45篇关于心理健康方面的研究文献,纳入6篇,同时录入相关书籍的内容。排除39篇,其中18篇系重复研究,21篇为一般性分析研究文章。资料综合:大学生心理失衡表现在情绪方面(有抑郁、焦虑情绪),意志方面(意志薄弱、强迫、排斥行为)及人格方面(有偏执型和反社会型人格特征)。大学生的心理健康水平是个体生物遗传因素、心理因素、外部环境因素以及个体成长经历等诸多因素共同作用的结果。其中主要是个体认知的原因。大学生应进行相应的自我心理护理和心理调适。结论:心理调适是个体认知和外部环境共同作用的结果。其中个体因素是主导,外因是推动力和条件。社会环境的重视和改善,家庭、学校、医疗咨询保健机构的介入和干预,为大学生解决心理失衡问题提供了重要的方法、方式和途径方面的指导。但解决的根本途径是本人对自己的心理状况有理性的判断,积极努力改变问题的症结。

OBJECTIVE： Sound mental qualities are crucial to college students when they fight for survival and development. In recent years, the mental disturbance of college students has risen, which evenly results in mental diseases. Thus, it is necessary and urgent to study the self-education of mental problems and self-adjustment of college students to find effective manners, methods and approaches to solve their mental disturbance. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based search of China Journal Database for the articles about mental health of college students between January 1996 and December 2004 were performed by using the key words “mental health, college students, mental disturbance, mental self-adjustment”, and the language was limited to Chinese. Meanwhile, the books about mental health were consulted manually. STUDY SELECTION： The experimental studies and reviews were included, but unlimited to whether they were randomized, blind, or controlled, also unlimited to comparative, experience conclusion and case reports. The articles about common and repeated studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 45 articles concerning mental health were retrieved, among which 6 are involved, and meanwhile some contents consulted manually were recorded. In the excluded 39 articles, 18 were duplicated research and 21 generalized analytic studies. DATA SYNTHESIS： The mental disturbance of college students were marked from the aspects of emotion （depression and anxiety）, will（weak mind, compulsion and rejection） and personality（crankiness and anti-society）. The mental health level of college students resulted from individual biogenetic factor, psychological factor, externally environmental factor and individual growth experience, among which the personal cognitive deficiency was the essential. The college should carried on self-nursing of mental health and mental adjustment. CONCLUSION： Mental adjustment is attributed to the association of personal cognition and external environment, among which the individual factors are dominant, and external causes are the impetus and necessity. The attentions and improvement of social environment, intervention and involvement of family, school, medical counseling and health care organization will provide important methods, manners and approaches for the solution of mental disturbance in college students. However, it is essential to judge the mental status reasonably by themselves and alter the core of mental problems actively.