有氧健身操对中老年妇女体质的影响

Influence of aerobic exercise on the physical capacity of the mid-aged and old

目的:观察37名中老年妇女参加18周有氧健身操锻炼后对其体质的影响,为中老年妇女选择有效的健身运动提供科学依据。方法:于2004-05/09纳入37名自愿参加的48～61岁中老年妇女,采用实验对比法,对37名中老年妇女参与18周健身操前后的结果进行自身前后测试比较。主要项目为:人体质量指数、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单腿站立、反应时、台阶实验等7项指标。结果:37名中老年妇女均进入结果分析,无脱落者。①参加18周有氧健身操锻炼后,37名中老年妇女的人体质量指数由开始的(25.96±3.22)kg/m2降到(24.41±2.91)kg/m2。②肺活量由原来的(2267.9±528.5)mL增加到(2732.5±609.2)mL。③握力从原来的(243.5±49.3)N增加到(251.4±22.8)N。④坐位体前屈由原来的(5.91±7.25)cm增加到(9.22±8.07)cm。⑤闭眼单脚站立时间由原来的(12.06±5.45)s增加到(41.79±18.21)s。⑥反应时由原来的(0.23±0.02)s缩短到(0.22±0.02)s。⑦台阶实验心率由原来的(157.22±22.50)次/min降到(129.15±18.30)次/min。⑧体质测定总分由(19.70±3.01)min增加到(26.50±3.54)min。结论:中老年妇女经常参加健身操锻炼能有效降低人体质量指数;增加肺活量,提高肺通气功能;提高机体平衡能力,缩短反应时。

AIM： To ohserve the effects of aerobic body building exercise for 18 weeks in 37 mid-aged and old women, and provides scientific basis for those women to choose effective body building exercise. METHODS： Thirty-seven mid-aged and old women of their own accord to join aged from 48 to 61 years old between May and September 2004 were selected. Using experiment contrast method, the result after the 18-week body building exercise in the 37 mid-aged and old women was compared with that before exercise, in person. The main items included human body mass exponent, vital capacity, strength of grasp, body anteflexion when sitting, single leg standing when closed eyes, reaction time and step trims etc. 7 exponents. RESULTS： Totally 37 mid-aged and old women were involved in the result analysis without drop. ① After the joint of 18-week aerobic body building exercise, the human body mass exponent of the 37 mid-aged and old women decreased from （25.96±3.22） kg/m^2 to （24.41±2.91） kg/m^2. ② The exponent of vital capacity increased from （2 267.9±528.5） mL to （2 732.5±609.2） mL. ③ The exponent of strength of grasp increased from （243.5±49.3） N to （251.4±22.8） N. ④ The exponent of body anteflexion when sitting increased from （5.91±7.25） cm to （9.22±8.07） cm. ⑤ The exponent of single leg standing when closed eyes increased from （12.06±5.45） s to （41.79±18.21） s. ⑥ The exponent of reaction shortened from （0.23±0.02）s to （0.22.0.019）. ⑦ The heart rate of step trial decreased from （157.22±22.5） per minute to （129.15±18.3） per minute. ⑧ The total mark of physical-fitness measurement increased from （19.70±3.01） minutes to （26.50±3.54） minutes. CONCLUSION： The mid-agod and old women, who usually take part in the body building exercise, can make the exponent of human body mass decrease, the vital capacity increase, the pulmonary ventilation function enhance, the body equilibration ability rise up and the reaction time shorten.