驯鹿狂蝇幼虫病的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of immature Cephenemyia trompe infestation in reindeers

2003年3月至2004年10月,在内蒙古自治区根河市敖鲁古雅鄂温克民族乡分别对829只和543只驯鹿进行了鹿狂蝇幼虫病的流行病学调查.该病的病原为双翅目、狂蝇科、鹿蝇属鹿狂蝇(Cephenemyia trompe)的各期幼虫.其成蝇一般出现在6月初,7～8月为侵袭高峰,9月末消失.当地驯鹿在这2年内鹿狂蝇幼虫的平均感染率为91.03%,平均感染强度为15.98条/只,最高的达91条/只.鹿狂蝇幼虫主要寄生于驯鹿的鼻腔、鼻甲及咽喉等部位,并引起相应部位的炎症.鹿狂蝇幼虫病的流行除与当地的地理环境、自然条件及宿主因素密切相关外,还与敖鲁古雅乡鄂温克猎民的生活方式及经济状况有关.

Oluguya Ewenke National Township of Genhe City, Nei Monggol Autonomous Region was chosen as an experimental base in order to study occurrence and developmental regularity of the immature Cephenernyia trornpe in reindeers. From April of 2003 to December of 2004, 829 and 543 reindeers were examined respectively to study immature C. trornpe infestation. The result of investigation indicated that the pathogens of the disease are the various stage larvae of C. trompe. Mature C. trompe usually occur in June every year, and the harm period of high-peak is in July to August and disappeared in September. In the period, the infection rate of the immature insect reached 91.03%, the average of infection intensity was 15.98 larvae per reindeer and the most was 91 larvae per reindeer. The C. trompe mainly parasitize in the nasal cavity,concha and throat of reindeers and cause inflammation reaction of the infected tissues. Besides the local geographic environment, the nature conditions and the host of immature C. trornpe, the life and economic level of Ewenke people are also related to the prevalence of C. trompe infestation.