从12SrRNA和Cyt b基因部分序列研究13种猫科动物的分子系统关系

Phylogeny of 13 Felidae species from China based on partial 12S rRNA and Cyt b genes sequences

为探讨中国猫科动物(Felidae)的系统发生关系,本文对中国产13种猫科动物的12SrRNA基因(约371bp)和细胞色素b基因(Cytb)部分序列(约355bp)进行了分析,并采用“最大简约法”和“最大似然法”构建了分子系统树。结果表明:在Cytb基因序列中,有113个位点存在变异(约为总位点数的31.8%),高于12SrRNA基因序列的44个变异位点(约为总位点数的11.9%);构建的分子系统树显示,猞猁(Lynxlynx)可能是中国最早起源的猫科动物,与其它猫科动物之间的亲缘关系较远,支持将其立为猞猁属(Lynx)的观点;草原斑猫(Felislibyca)、丛林猫(Felischaus)、兔狲(Otocolobusmanul)和荒漠猫(Felisbieti)具有较近的亲缘关系,支持将兔狲划归于猫属(Felis)的观点;金猫(Caopumatemminckii)、云猫(Pardofelismarmorata)具有较近的亲缘关系,但它们与猫属物种之间的亲缘关系可能较远,不支持将它们划归于猫属;豹猫(Ponailurusribengalensis)、渔猫(Prionailurusviverrinus)具有较近的亲缘关系,支持将它们同归于豹猫属(Ponailurus);云豹(Neofelisnebulosa)、豹(Pantherapardus)、雪豹(Unciauncia)、虎(Pantheratigris)具有较近的亲缘关系,支持将它们同归于豹属(Panthera)

To study the phylogenetic relationships, partial 12S rRNA gene sequence （about 371 bp） and Cytochrome b （about 355 bp） gene sequences from 13 Felidae species from China were analyzed. Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using Maximum Parsimony （MP） method and Maximum Likelihood （ML） method. According to the results, 113 nucleotide sites substituted in Cyt b gene （31.8% of the total nucleotide sites in Cyt b gene） and 44 nucleotide sites substituted in 12S rRNA gene （ 11.9% nucleotide sites substituted in 12S rRNA gene） are obtained. On the other hand, the results reveal that Lynx lynx perhaps is basal to other Felidae species from China and support the opinion that Lynx lynx belongs to the Lynx genus. As to Fells libyca , Felis chaus, Felis bieti and Otocolobus manul , the results suggest that relationships among them are very close. Thus, the opinion that they should be grouped into the genus Fells are supported. Though Caopuma temminckii is strongly associated with Pardofelis marmorata, the relationships among Caopuma temminckii, Pardofelis marmorata and Fells genus are not so close respectively, supporting the position that Caopuma temminckii and Pardofelis marmorata cannot be included in FeEs genus. Additionally, the results reveal that Prionailurus bengalensi is closely related to Prionailurus viverrinus. Last, the relationships among Neofelis nebulosa, Panthera pardus, Uncia uncial and Panthera tigris, the results show they are also close, supporting their inclusion in the genus Panthera [Acta Zoologica Sinica 51 （4） ： 630-639, 2005].