临床医学和护理学专业本科女生场依存性-场独立性认知风格分析

Differences in Field Dependence-independence Cognitive Style between Female Undergraduates Majoring in Clinical Medicine and Nursing

目的了解中南大学临床医学和护理学两专业女生的场依存性-场独立性(FDI)认知风格发展趋势及其个体差异。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取447名两个专业女生,采用《镶嵌图形测验》对其进行团体测试,对所收集的数据进行方差分析、卡方检验、t检验。结果(1)对样本总体均数和大学生场依存性-场独立性认知风格常模进行t检验,结果表明两者之间差异极为显著(P<0.01);(2)对不同年级不同专业的医学女生的测试平均分所进行的方差分析表明,各年级女生的FDI认知风格差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同专业女生的FDI认知风格差异显著(P<0.01);年级和专业之间不存在交互作用(P>0.05);(3)对同一年级不同专业医学女生的测试平均分所进行的t检验表明,一、四年级两专业女生的测试平均分没有差异(P>0.05),二、三、五年级的医学女生的测试平均分差异显著(P<0.05)。结论(1)场依存性-场独立性认知风格发展,同一年级不同专业的女生差异显著;同一专业不同年级(除临床专业一、三年级间)的女生差异不明显;(2)场依存性-场独立性认知风格理论在教育实践中的应用有其优越性和局限性,护理教育工作者在教育实践中应扬长避短。

Objective To determine the characteristics of field dependence-independence（FDI） cognitive style＇s development of the female students majoring in clinical medicine and nursing in Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine. Methods Random stratified sampling was used to obtain 447 sampies. Embeded Figures Test （EFT） by Meng Qingmao was used to measure the FDI cognitive style of the students was individual information of the samples and collected. Univariate analysis of variance and t-test, chi-square-test were performed to describe and analyze the data. Results （ 1 ） The results of t-test between the average of the samples and the norms of college students showed that there was great difference（ P〈0.01 ）;（2） The Univariate analysis of variance indicated that there was no statistic significance in FDI cognitive style of the students among different grades（P〉0.05）. Nor was the interaction between major and grade（ P〉0.05）. But the FDI cognitive style of the students in different majors had obvious difference（ P〈0.01 ） ;（3） The results of t-test between clinical medicine and nursing students in the same grade indicated that the female students in Grade 2,3 and 5 had great difference in EFT average score （ P〈0.05）, while those in Grade 1 and 4 had no difference （ P〉0.05 ）. Conclusion （ 1 ）There is significant difference in the development of cognitive style between nursing and clinical medicine female students;but there is no difference between those of the same major in different grades;（2） There are two sides about applying the theory of field dependence-independence cognitive style to education, and therefore nursing educators should apply its advantages to education.