美国个人金融专业银行的发展

Development of U.S. Personal Finance Specialized Banks

本文对美国3种个人金融专业银行的发展和业绩进行了分析，发现它们绝大多数是在1～2个州内经营的机构数量很少的银行，但在各自的业务领域内市场集中度非常高，大银行的数量比重显著上升。信用卡银行具有高增长、高风险、低成本、高回报、高资本要求的特点，住房抵押贷款银行具有低增长、低风险、高成本、低回报、略高资本要求的特点，而消费者信贷银行介乎上述两者之间。

Three types of personal finance specialized banks in U.S. are both characterized by high market concentration and more of big banks. Credit-card Specialization banks are high growth, high risk, low cost, high return and high capital requirement, but Mortgage Lending Specialization Banks are low growth, low risk, high cost, low return and little high capital requirement. Consumer Lending Specialization Banks are between the above two.