中国比较文学研究的现状与学科建设问题——曹顺庆教授访谈录

The Current Situation and Disciplinary Construction of Comparative Literature in China: An Interview with Professor Cao Shunqing

一百多年来的世界比较文学学科发展的历史上,总是存在着种种争议,并且面临着多次危机;中国比较文学学科队伍建设也面临着艰巨的历史性任务。中国的比较文学研究究竟存在什么样的问题,世界比较文学的发展有些什么新方向,以及有关文论的失语症、文论中国化和比较文学的跨文明研究等等问题,许多学者都很关注。最近,本刊特约记者常芳带着这些问题采访了四川大学文学与新闻学院院长曹顺庆教授。他认为中国的比较文学研究已经取得了一定的成绩,但也存在着诸多不足之处,其根本原因在于比较文学的学科理论建设没有取得突破性的进展;建立比较文学中国学派是历史的必然,但这也是一个历史性的过程,需要学界的共同努力;同时,西方的比较文学研究也存在着各种问题,这就为中国学派的建立提供了很好的机会。“失语症”的提出对于中国文论的建设和比较文学的发展具有一定的理论和现实意义,“跨文明研究”对于纠正泛文化现象和规范比较文学的学科理论具有某种现实意义,“西方文论的中国化”不应该以西方为主,而是必须以中国文论为主,这是一个深刻的学理问题。

The discipline of comparative literature in the world has had a history of more than 100 years, but there have always been controversies and crises. To a certain extent, the discipline of comparative literature in China is faced with a similar situation. Issues concerning problems existing in comparative literature studies in China, new tendencies of comparative literature studies in the world, China's aphasia in theories, ″Sinicization″ of western theories and ″cross-civilization″ studies are the major concerns of many scholars. Recently, Professor Cao Shunqing, dean of College of Humanities and Journalism in Sichuan University, accepted the invitation to present his views on the current situation and disciplinary construction of comparative literature in our country. He acknowledges the achievements in comparative literature studies in China, but at the same time points out that there exist a number of deficiencies. He attributes these deficiencies to the lack of breakthroughs in theoretical construction of the discipline. The situation where there exist problems in both China and world comparative literature studies calls for the establishment of a Chinese school of comparative literature. He also believes that Chinese scholars' realization of their aphasia is of vital importance to the construction of Chinese theories and the development of China comparative literature studies, and that ″Sinicization″ of western literary theories should be based upon Chinese literary theories.