国有企业改革：思路偏失及其转换

State firms reform:thinking's deviations and its transition

作者认为，国有企业改革的传统思路是片面强调政企分开及两权分离的重要性，企图将国有企业改造成与一般企业有同等经济效率的经济组织。传统改革思路偏失的根源在于混淆国有企业与一般企业的界限，没有准确把握国有企业的本质。国有企业改革的成功有赖于思路的转换：将现行数量过多、行业分布不当的国有企业＂退出＂一部分，使之非国有化或民营化，另一部分则仍必须保持国有制形式。在此基础上的国有企业的改革应建立起内部治理结构和制衡机制，通过＂退出机制＂减轻＂道德危害＂的风险，实现国有企业的自我约束和自我激励，把经济效益与社会效益目标统一于企业的经营管理过程始终。

Abstract The paper argues that,the traditional thinking for reforming State firms overemphasized on the importance of separating government and firms,the ownerships and managerial rights,and wished to transform State firm into an economic organ which efficiency equals to that of a common firm.The traditional reform thinking's deviations is obscuring the demarcation line between State firms and common ones and doesn't hold the essence of State firms.The new reform thinking is as follows:some State firms withdraw from State ownership,and then the remaining State firms should establish internal governing structure and restricting mechanism.