大型御用建盏

The Large-scale Jian Tcmmoku Wares for Tribute

北宋末大型御用建盏的传世完器至今全球未见,80年代末以来窑址陆续有若干残片出土。本文根据9个标本研究了其器形、供御款和进盏款的刻制或压印的方式,以XRF测定其胎,釉化学组成并与一般建盏比较。以POM和TEM研究其胎、釉的显微结构,指出其CAS_2→晶间液和分离→氧化铁析晶以及釉下分相→釉而上氧化铁析晶的两种兔毫形成机理与一般建盏相同。文中特别阐明了“盏色贵青黑,玉毫条达者为上”的御用黑釉玉毫盏的形成原因是釉面和近釉面CAS_2晶花析晶使入射光发生表面反光散射效应和内散射效应所致。

The perfect treasures of large seal Jian tcmmoku wares for tribute towards the end of Northern Song Dynasty have not been found to date. Several sherds have been unearthed successively in the Jian tcmmoku kiln site since the late eighties. Based on the nine samples, this paper studies their vessel shapes, engraving or stamping method of the characters of 'Gong Yu' and ' Jing Zhan'. The chemical composition of bodies and glazes have been determined by XRF method and the comparison with those of common Jian tcmmoku wares has also been made. The microstructurc of bodies and glazes of the samples have been studied by means of POM and TEM. It has been pointed out that the following two formation mechanisms of Jian hare's fur glazes arc the same with that of common Jian tcmmoku wares, one is CAS2 →liquid phase separation→ crystallzation of iron oxide and the other is liquid phase separation in the glaze melt→crystallization of iron oxide . This paper especially illustrates that the reason why the black glaze and white hare's fur for tribute, which takes the greenish-black Jian tcmmoku with the sharp and stright white streaks as the best, is due to the surface reflection effect and inner scattering effect of incident rays caused by the crystallization of CAS2 on or near the glaze surface.