低出生体重儿童的影响因素和生长发育随访研究

Researches on Affecting Factors and Physical Growth in Low一weight Newborn

对４７例出生低体重儿童进行了３年定期的体格发育随访，定期测量体重、身长及头围，并与正常儿对照组进行两两比较，结果发现：在婴幼儿期低出生体重儿生长发育速度较正常儿快；其中早产低体重儿生长速度又较足月小样儿为快；到２岁左右，早产儿体重、身长及头围超过小样儿达到正常儿水平（Ｐ＞０．０５），而小样儿直到３岁各项指标仍低于正常儿（Ｐ＜００５）．对低出生体重儿的母婴情况调查分析显示，造成低出生体重的因素主要有孕母健康状况不良、好高症、胎膜早破、被动吸烟和胎盘脐带功能不全等．作者认为应加强围产期保健，对危险因素早发现、早治疗，以提高儿童健康水平。

7 children’s physical growth with low birth一weight have been followed up for threeyears.It is found that their development are more rapid than that of the normal children inthe infantile period.Development of preterm children is more rapid than that of small forgestational age(SGA).Up to the second year,their average weight,length,head circum-ferenee can surpass that of SGA and catch up with the normal children Analysing the condition of mother and infant with low birth weight, we discovered thatthe pregnancy with poor health care,passive smoking, pregnancy with hypertension,thedisfunction of the placenta and umbilicus and premature rupture of fetal membranes are riskfactors which result in the low birth weight. It is important for the pregnant women to begiven preneonatal health care in order to find and treat risk factors early as well as improvechildren’s health.