旱地冬小麦高产栽培有关生理学特性研究

STUDY ON SOME CULTIVATING PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER WHEAT IN DROUGHT LAND

结果表明，在冬小麦生育期降水量不少于１３０～１４０ｍｍ，土壤厚度１ｍ以上的无水浇条件地区，利用旱作栽培技术—增施磷、钾和锌肥，使小麦株型紧凑，旗叶节以上绿色器官的光合能力及相应的其它生理学特性增强，则获得４８００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２以上的籽粒产量是可行的。旱作栽培小麦植株各器官（地上）对籽粒的贡献达８３．７３％，对照为７５．３％；旱作栽培小麦植株旗叶节以上器官对籽粒的贡献可达６２．０３％，对照为５６％。另外，旱作栽培小麦旗叶及旗叶节以上器官叶绿素含量均显著高于对照，这对提高旱作栽培小麦植株的光合能力是十分有益的。

The study was carried out in Laiyang and Laixi, Shandong province, from the first of October, 1991, to the 10th of June, 1992. The results showed that in the area where the percipitation and the thickness of soil layer were not less than 130～140mm and 1 meter respectively in the whole peroid of wheat growth and development it was really feasible to use drought cultivation techniques-increasing the amount of P. K and Zn fertilizer application and maintainning the present amount of N fertilizer applied and increasing the density of wheat plants and the ability of photosynthesis of the parts from the top internode above, to obtain more than 4800kg/hm2 grain output. In addition, the ratio of C14 assimilate transpoted from various parts to grain in the drought and the irrigating cultivation conditions were 83.73% and 75.3% respectiviely. The chlorophyll content in the parts from the top internode above in drought cultivataion conditions was significantly higher than that in irrigation cultivation conditions, which was very beneficial to the increase of the ability of photosynthesis of wheat plants.