栽培大麦×球茎大麦杂种后代的遗传学研究

STUDIES ON THE GENETIC CHARACTERS OF HYBRIDS FROM CROSSES BETWEEN HORDEUM VULGARE AND H. BULBOSUM (2X, 4X)

采用栽培大麦早熟３号与球茎大麦ＰＢ１（２ｎ＝２Ｘ＝１４）、ＰＢ４（２ｎ＝４Ｘ＝２８）杂交，对影响杂种幼胚培养的环境因素和再生植株的形态学及细胞学变异进行了研究。结果表明：第１，杂种幼胚的愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗分化率均以大田材料为高，分别是温室材料的１．９倍和２．７倍。第２，来源于杂种幼胚的再生植株在叶片形态上表现一定程度的变异，不同来源的材料之间存在差异。早熟３号×ＰＢ１的再生植株的结实率较高，达到３７．２％～５６．３％。相反，早熟３号×ＰＢ４再生植株没有结实。第３，早熟３号×ＰＢ１Ⅰ再生植株７８．８％的观察细胞染色体数目为１４条，早熟３号×ＰＢ１Ⅱ再生植株８９．１％的观察细胞染色体数目为７条。但是来源于早熟３号×ＰＢ４的再生植株染色体数目变异范围较广（在７～２４条之间），且分布均匀。

The environmental factors effecting on culture of immature embryos derived fromcrosses between Hordeum vulgars and H. bulbosum (2x, 4x), the variations of regenerationplant in the leaf characters and the chromosome numbers were studied. First, the inductionfrequency of calli and the differentiation frequency of green plantlets for donor plantsgrown in field were 1 .9 and 2.7 times higher than that grown in green house, respectively.Second, some variations showed on the leaf characters of regeneration plant, but there weremany differences between the different hybrids. Seed set(%) for regeneration plants derivedfrom No.3 of Zaoshu × PB1(2x) hybridization were ranged from 37.2% ～56.3%, while regeneration plants derived from No.3 of Zaoshu × PB1(4x) hybridization didn't produce seed. Final, in the hybrid Ⅰ of No.3 of Zaoshu with PB1, only 78.8% of the meiotic cells contained 14 chromosomes, however 89.1% of the meiotic cells contained 7 chromosomes inthe hybrid 11 of No.3 of Zaoshu with PB1. Not only was the variation range ofchromosome numbers extensive from 7 to 24, but also the distribution of chromosome numbers was uniform for regeneration plant derived from No.3 of Zaoshu x PB4(4x)hybridization.