木材氰乙基化改性研究（Ⅱ）

MODIFICATION OF WOOD BY CYANOETHYLATION(Ⅱ)

利用ＮａＳＣＮ饱和的低浓度ＮａＯＨ水溶液作预润胀剂和催化剂，以丙烯腈作醚化剂对杉木进行了氰乙基化改性。研究了丙烯腈用量、反应温度和时间、ＮａＯＨ浓度等对氰乙基化反应的影响。利用ＦＴＩＲ、Ｘ－ｒａｙ、ＴＭＡ、ＳＥＭ等对氰乙基化木材的微观结构和热塑性进行了研究和表征。发现用ＮａＳＣＮ饱和的１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ水溶液及用２．５～３．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＯＨ水溶液作预润胀剂可获得同样取代度及热塑性的氰乙基化木材。但前者可节约数倍丙烯腈用量。含氮量８．８％～９．７％的氰乙基化木材可在１６０℃、９．８ＭＰａ表压下单独或与ＰＳ、ＰＶＣ、ＡＢＳ等合成高聚物共混热压成型为均匀半透明的薄片。

The China fir meal was modified by cyanoethylation using low concentration aqueous NaOH so-lution saturated by NaSCN as preswelling agent and catalyst and acrylonitrile as etherification agent. Theinfluences of acrylonitrile-to-wood ratio,reaction temperature and time,NaOH concentration on cyanoethy-lation were studied.FTIR,X-ray,TMA and SEM were used to study and characterize the microview struc-ture and thermoplasticity of cyanoethylated wood.It was found that the cyanoethylated wood with samesubstitution degree and thermoplasticity could be obtained using 1 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution saturatedby NaSCN or 2.5～3.75 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution as preswelling agent and catalyst.But as much asmany times of acrylonitrile could be saved by the former,the cyanoethylated China fir meal with N contentfrom 8.8%～9.7%could be molded into semitransparent and homogeneous films or sheets by hot press it-self or blended with PS,PVC,ABS synthesized polymers at 160℃,9.8 MPa gauge pressure.