四省八个杉木种子园施肥技术和效应研究

RESEARCH ON FERTILIZATION TECHNIQUE AND ITS EFFECT OF EIGHT CHINESE FIR SEED ORCHARDS IN FOUR PROVINCES

浙粤湘闽４省８个杉木种子园１９８３年—１９９２年施肥结果是，在贫瘠土壤上施肥效果最显著，施肥种类和配方应根据当地土壤对症下药：肥力中等以上土壤以磷钾肥为主，过于瘠薄土壤则酌情加入氮肥；施肥时间应配合种子发育节律和发芽分化期，以６—７月最关键，次为秋季和春季４月；每年施２次较好，并提倡无机肥与农家肥相结合；施肥量依树龄和树体大小而异，一般结实中期每次每株施氮肥０．１—０．３７５ｋｇ（Ｎ４０—１７０ｇ）、磷肥０．３７５—１．０ｋｇ（Ｐ２Ｏ５１００—２５０ｇ）、钾肥０．１—０．３ｋｇ（Ｋ２Ｏ５０—１５０ｇ）。最佳配方施肥一般可增产种子３０％—１００％，出籽率、千粒重、发芽率也有所提高。不同无性系对施肥的反应有差异；适宜的施肥可增加叶绿素含量、增加雌花芽数、稍稍促进营养生长，但并不造成疯长。

The experimental results of fertilization at eight seed orchards in four provinces from 1983-1992 show that the best result is from the poor soil. The sorts of fertilizer and its prescription should be made up according to the local soil. The soil with a medium fertility or above,should be fertilized mainly with P,K fertilizer,but one with poor fertilizer should be added more N fertilizer. The best time for fertilization is between June to July so as to coordinate with the seed development rhythm and its flower bud differentiation,and another time is Autumn or Spring (April). Therefore it is better to fertilize two times for one growth season. The differences in the amount of fertilizer is based on the ages and sizes of trees. Generally,during the middle period of producing fruit it is 40-70gN, 100-250gP2O5, 50-150g K2O once for one tree. It is also suggested that the chemical fertilizer should combine with the organic fortilizer. The seed production will be increased by 30-100% by using the best prescription of fertilization,and the seed setting rate,weight per 100 kernels, and germination percent also be enhanced.It is found that there are some differences in response to fertilization among different clones. A suitable fertilization can increase the chlorophyll content in needles, the number of female flower bud, and promote vegetative growth slightly.