矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学及其应用

INFLUENCE OF MINING ACTIVITIES ON MINE ROCKMASS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

论述了矿山岩体采动影响与控制学的内容、特点、最新进展及其在煤炭工业与国民经济建设中的重要作用。矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学的主要内容与特点是：研究对象所涉及的范围是从采场直至地表的整个采动岩体；不仅研究受采动岩体的应力、应变及其与原始状态的变化差异，而且研究采动岩体屈服后的大面积的大变形、大位移和大破坏；采动损害既具有不可逆性，又具有可逆性；采动岩体是可复用材料；采动影响的控制，不仅着眼于控制岩体的变形，而且着眼于控制受保护对象的变形．矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学研究的新进展是：提出了岩体变形的空间分带论、地表变形的空间形态论、岩体和地表变形的地层结构论、岩体和地表变形的地层质量评价论。作者还提出了控制岩体采动影响的７种控制类型，即下沉、变形、水平移动、垂直变形、顶板破坏高度、底板破坏深度及集中应力强度。研究岩体采动影响与控制的意义在于：矿产资源开发及其充分利用；矿区地下和地面的环境保护；矿区水资源保护；矿区山体稳定与安全；矿区采动沉陷地的利用；矿区采掘安全与煤（矿）柱设计；矿山开采损害预测与治理规划。

The paper describes the contents, characteristics , recent progress of research subject entitled Influence of Mining Activities on Rockmass and Control Engineering, and ist importance in coal mining and national economy.The main contents of the research are as followings: (1) Subject of research involves the whole rockmass affected by mining activities from underground workings to the surface;(2) It studies not only stress and strain of rockmass affected by mining as well as variations from original state, but also severe deformation, displacement and failure over great area after yielding of rockmass affected by mining ; (3) Damages due to coal extraction fall into two categories, namely, irreversible and reversible (4) The rockmass affected by mining activities can be reused; (5) The aim of control is not only to control defor mation of rockmass but also deformation of objectives to be protected.The recent progress of the research are in the 4 aspects: (1) Theory of spatial zonal distribution of deformation is proposed to describe features and scale of rockmass failure due to mining; (2)Theory of spatial morphology of surface deformation is established to depict rules of surface deformation: (3)Theory of strata structures is proposed to describe factors that influence deformation of rockmass and surface deformation; (4) Theory of strata quality evaluation is put forward for assessment of deformation resistant ability of rockmass.Seven types of effect on rockmass due to coal extraction to be controlled are found by the author.They are subsidence, deformation. horizontal displacement, vertical deformation, roof failure height .floor failure depth and intensity of stress concentration.The significance of the research is exploitation and utilization of mineral resources: underground and surface environmental protection in mine area; protection of water resources in mine area; safety and stability of mountain slope in mine area ;utilization of subsided land in mine area; safety in mining and development and design of coal pillar; prediction and control of damages induced by mining.