棉属分类及其染色体组研究进展

Advance in Studies on Classification and Genomic Groups in Gossypium

本文综述了棉属（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ）分类和棉属梁色体组研究的最新进展。全文共分５个部分：（１）棉属分类，重点介绍了Ｆｒｙｘｅｌｌ的棉属分类方案以及最近几次较大的修订情况，并列出了包括４７个种、４个亚种在内的棉属最新分类名录；（２）棉属染色体组。介绍了棉属细胞学及染色体组研究的发展历史，把棉属分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ和Ｇ７个二倍体染色体组和ＡＤ１个异源四倍体复合染色体组；（３）棉属染色体核型分析。介绍了棉属染色体核型研究的意义和内容；（４）棉属染色体组的演化。介绍了棉属染色体组演化的四种不同观点，讨论了ＡＤ复合染色体组供体问题；（５）讨论。讨论了棉属分类以及比克氏棉（Ｇ．ｂｉｃｋｉｉ）和大萼组（ｓｅｃｔ．Ｇｒａｎｄｉｃａｌｙｘ）棉种的染色体组归属问题。

This paper is a review of advance in studies on classification and genomic groups inGossypium. Five topics are described and discussed:(1)classification of Gossypium. Fryxell’sclassification and recent revisions of Gossypium were introduced,which include 47 species and4 sub-species.(2)division of genomic groups. The history of studies on cytological andgenome was introduced, and depending upon geographical distribution,karyotype analysis andcrossability among species,the diploid species had been classified into A,B,C,D,E, F and Ggenome,and the tetraploid species were established consisting of AD genome.(3) Karyotypeanalysis of Gossypium.(4)evolution of genomic groups,Four different opinions on evolutionof genomic groups in Gossypium were presented. Problems on the classification of Gossypium,origion,especially tetraploids in AD genome,and the genome of G. bickii and section Grandica-lyx were discussed.