棉枯萎抗性形成规律的发现与抗性定向培育法

Cotton Fusarium Resistance,the Invention and Practice of the Directive ResistanceBreeding(1974～1994)

采用棉枯萎人工病床病圃连续群体选择法发现，枯萎抗性转化现象和抗性形成规律：所有供试原感病高产优质品种在病菌连续入侵条件下，病床病株率逐年逐代下降，矮化症状逐年逐代缓解，群体高度逐年逐代上升，表明抗性逐年逐代提高。经５年左右均转化为高抗品种，为寄主免疫功能渐变性定向的遗传适应变异和后天获得抗性遗传的累加作用结果，病理学和生化分析均证实这一解释。获得高抗性后，原品种之丰产性和品质也有改进，不存在抗性丰产性品质间的遗传反相关关系，从而创棉枯萎抗性定向培育原理方法。１９７４～１９９４年，此法已育成抗性、丰产性、品质三兼优或二兼优品种和资源３０余个。

The article isthe first one using inoculated Fusarium Seedling─bed to do cot-ton Fusarium Resistance Breeding:sowing high─yield high─quality susceptible originallycultivars’seeds ininoculated Fuarium seedling─bed in spring ,selecting healthy youngplants without symptom in leaves and transplanting them in Verticillium infected field,then selecting healthy and high─yield plants in autumn,mixing their seeds for sowingnext year, repeating same process through years. Under such condition,we discovered theRule of the Formation of Cotton Fusarium Resistance :All entries of cultivars susceptibleoriginally transformated into high resistant ones through 5 years gradually without losingtheir high─yield/high─quality characters,but even improved.The only reasonable ex-planation is that the cotton hosts can react to the attacks of diseases and improving theirimmunity capacity,the aquired resistance can transmits to next generations,and accumu-lats through years,eventually become real high resistant ones genetically,no negative cor-relation exists between yield/quality and resistance characters genetically. Studies of plantpathology and biology chemistry have proved this explanation. Then the Directive Resis-tance Breeding Method have been invented. Using it,over 30 high─yield/high─ qualityand high─resistant cultivars or germplasms have been bred successfully,and some hadbeen released.