一些磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂性能的研究

Study on the Properties of Several Type P-N Antiwear and Extreme-Pressure Additives

合成了一些磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂烷基亚磷酸酯胺盐和氮杂环胺盐，并对其油溶性和润滑性等进行了试验研究。结果表明，磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的化学结构对其油溶性和极压抗磨性都有较大的影响：烷基链增长有助于油溶性的改善，氮杂环胺盐的油溶性更好；伯胺盐的抗磨性比仲胺盐和叔胺盐的都好，氮杂环胺盐的抗磨性更好；磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的减摩性明显比硫化烯烃、烷基亚磷酸酯和苯三唑十八胺的都好，有的在２５０℃时的摩擦系数仅约为０．０４．Ｘ射线光电子能谱和俄歇电子能谱分析发现，磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂在摩擦表面形成了一种含氮富磷的化学反应膜。其中，元素磷是以磷酸铁的化合态形式存在，而元素氮则是以其原有的价态形式存在，这表明氮参与了整个摩擦过程。在试验研究和分析讨论的基础上，通过综合归纳还提出了磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的作用机理模式图。

series of antiwear(AW)and extreme-pressure(EP)additives of amine salts of alkylphcophite and N-containing heterocyclic compounds were syntheslzed.Oil-solubility,AW andEP properties of these additives have been studied.The results showed that the chemical structure ofphosphorous-nitrogen(P-N)agents has great effect on their properties. It was found that the betteroil-solubility,the longer alkyl chain in P-N agents. The oil-solubility of the N-containingheterocyclic compounds in liquid paraffin is excellent.The AW properties of the primary amineSalts are better than that of the secondary and tertiary amine salts. The AW properties of the aminesalts are even better than that of ones.P-N agents possess good anti-friction properties as comparedwith sulfurized olefin,alkylphosphite and octadecyl amine salts of benzatriazole. The frictioncoefficicnt of some of the P-N agent is about 0.04 at 250℃. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Auger electron spectrometer(AES)analyses indicated that the P-N agents can form atribochemical reaction film,which is the N-containing and rich in P on the rubbing surface.Element P exists in the forms of ferric phosphate on the rubbed surface,and N exists in the originalvalence state. It is understood that N has e ntered in to the whole friction process. On the basis ofabove work, a model for the functional mechanism of P-N agents was proposed.