摘要
从应用角度对电解质溶液理论、活度系数半经验模型等方面的研究现状和进展作了综述。认为电解质溶液理论在描述其非理想性时，必须同时考虑带电粒子的长程静电作用、所有粒子间的短程推斥作用和离子的溶剂化作用以及这些作用随温度改变的普遍化关系，以正确反映复杂的多元电解质溶液在宽阔温度范围和浓度区域内的变化规律。
Abstract：Thermodynamics of phase equilibria of electrolyte solutions plays an important role inchemical engineering，hydrometallurgy，oceanology and geology, as well as in waste water treatment，sea water desalination，manufacture of inorganic chemicais and hydrometallurgical processing．Inview of the applications，the latest developments in thermedynamics of electrolyte solutions were re-viewed，including the theories，the semi-empirical medels and their applications to the calculation ofphase eq uilibria.In practice，the prediction of thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions is re-quired in a large concentration range up to solubility limit and in a wide temlperature range for multi－component systems．An activity model which meets these requirements should allow for the interac-tions of the long range force between ions，ion solvation，short range force between species in solutionand the influence of different ions in a large concentratiOn and temperature range on these three kindsof interaction.xey word5：dectrolyte solution，thermodynamics ，activity coefficient，phase equilibria.
基金
国家自然科学基金
霍英东教育基金
