毛竹基腐病病原的研究

STUDIES ON PATHOGENS OF MOSO BAMBOO FOOT ROT

毛竹基腐病是于１９７５年在江苏省常熟市首次发现的新病害。现已知浙江、安徽、江西、湖南、湖北和四川均有分布。国外至今未见报道。经多年的分离培养试验，从病株组织内获得４种真菌和１种细菌的纯培养。通过竹笋期的室内、室外和有伤、无伤的多次反复接种和再分离试验，结果表明：这种细菌对毛竹没有任何致病力；茁芽短梗霉（Ａｕｒｅｏｂａｓｉｄｉｕｍｐｕｌｌｕｌａｎｓ）和交链孢（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａａｌｔｅｒｎａｔａ）对毛竹只有很轻微的致病力，仅造成局部组织的坏死；暗孢节菱孢（Ａｒｔｈｒｉｎｉｕｍｐｈａｅｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ）和异孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｐｏｒｕｍ）对毛竹有极强的致病力．并能引起与自然发病相一致的症状，但根据长期的定点观察和分离试验结果表明异孢镰刀菌只在高湿条件下于病害的中后期出现，是一种次生的病原因．而暗孢节菱孢是毛竹基腐病的主要病原菌。

Foot rot of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was first found in Jiangsu province in 1975.Now it has been found in provinces of Zhejing,Anhui,Jiangxi,Hunan,Hubei and Sichuan.But it is hetherto unreported from foreign countries.By a large number of isolations,the different pure cultures which belong to four species of Hyphomycetes and a Bacterium were obtained from naturelly infected bamboo stems.Field and greenhouse inoculations were'carried out with above isolates respectively on bamboo shoots.Inoculation results have shown that no infection occurred with Bacterium and only slisht infection with Aureobasidium pullulans or Alternaria alternata,but that severe infection and typal symptom were caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum of Fusarium heterosporum,and reisolations were also secured.Field surveys and isolation experiments have indicated that F. heterosporum never appeared in the initial stage of infection and only in the later period of disease under wet weather conditions, so it is a secondary pathegen.A.phaeospermum is the primary pathogen of this disease.