中国白菜叶部性状动态观察及其演化方向研究

STUDIES ON LEAF CHARACTERS OF DIFFERENT GROWTH DURATION OF CHINESE CABBAGE AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY COURSES

采用不同生育期动态观察的方法对中国白菜及其相邻类群的５７个品种的叶部性状进行分析，并运用生长迟滞论对其演化趋势进行讨论。随着个体发育的发展，叶形由裂叶—倒卵形—圆形—椭圆形，叶面毛茸由无毛—有毛，叶缘由锯齿—钝齿—全缘，叶柄色泽由绿—浅绿—绿白—白，或绿—绿紫—紫变化。莲座期叶翼可分为完全叶翼、不完全叶翼和无叶翼３种，完全叶翼为进化类型。花茎叶可分为具柄不抱茎、无柄不抱茎、半抱茎和全抱茎４种形态，依次自下到上逐渐变化。抱茎叶／总花茎叶比值越高，进化程度越高。除少数性状受人工选择等因素影响外，叶部性状表现出随个体发育的发展而发生的改变可以看作是它们的演化方向。

Leaf morphological characters of 57 cultivars of Chinese cabbage and their close group were studied byinvestigating of different growth duration, and their evolutionary courses were studied by using growth retardationtheory. The shapes of their leaves changed from divided→obovate→orbicular→ellipse, the hair on leaves fromglabrous to hair, the leaf margin from serrate→obtuse→serrate→entire, the color of petiole from green→light green→greenish→white→white, and green→greenish-pnrple→purple with the developing of their individual development.In rossette Period, the wings of radical leaves were of three types, promiment wing, un-promiment wing and wingless, and promiment wing was an advanced stage of evolution. Stem-leaves were of four typeS, non-clasping withpetiole, non-clasping with sessile, half-clasping and whole-clasping, changing gradually from bottom to top. Themore the ratio of the half-clasping and whole-clasping leaves to toeal stem-leaves, the higher their evolutionary level.The changes of leaf morphological characters of Chinese cabbage with the developing of their individual developmentwere considered to be their evolutionary courses, except a few characters affected by artificial selection.