科技有效需求与农业科技体制改革

EFFECTIVE DEMAND FOR SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY

运用供需平衡原理对目前中国农业科研单位及推广部门中存在的一些问题和农业科技有效需求不足的现实进行了分析，指出农业科技体制改革不仅仅是单方面的科技供给方──科研与推广部门自身的事情，而重要的是要根据科技需求方的实际来确定其改革的方向和目标模式，进而提出在中国目前市场经济条件下，一方面农业科技走向市场，另一方面农业科技有效需求不足，作为向社会提供公益性产品的农业科研与推广部门应主要依靠政府的支持．

Using the principle of equilibrium of supply and demand, this paper analyses the current problems within agricultural research institutes and extention services in China, and the fact of the shortage of effective demand for agricultural science & technology. It is pointed out that the institutional reform of agricultural science & technology is not only in the supply-side of science and technology-ie. research institutes and extention services themselves, but even more importantly is to set up the direction and patterns of reform according to demand side. Furthermore, it is presented that under the market economy in today's China, on one hand, agricultural science the technology should enter market, and on the other hand, due to the shortage of effective demand for agticultural science and technology,the government should support agricultural institues and extention service finacially, which provide society public goods.