宁夏植棉的历史教训与对策

Historical lessons and Countermeasures of Cotton Cropping in Ningxia

为了促进宁夏植棉业健康发展，总结了宁夏历史上几次植棉失败的主要教训：忽视了宁夏晚霜冻结束迟，热量不足，特别是９月中、下旬气温下降快不能满足棉花纤维成熟对温度的要求；植棉技术脱离宁夏实际，重促轻控，密度不足，群体小，个体大，单株果枝与花蕾保留过多，在低温年份成熟不好而造成严重减产。据此提出了统一宁夏植棉指导思想；根据宁夏气候条件，搞好植棉区划，在适宜植棉区通过试验、示范逐步推广；采用“密、矮、早、膜”综合栽培技术；选育早熟、高产、优质新品种等６条对策。

To promote smoothly development of cotton cropping in Ningxia,the main historical lessons and experiences from cotton cropping were summarized as follows.Cotton culturists neglected shat last frost finishes late with unsufficient heat,and that during the mid and the last ten days of September,in partidular,the air temperature decreases rapidly so that heat can not meet the need of maturation of cotton fiber in Ningxia.The cotton planting techniques applied were not suitable-more fertilization and less growth control,low density,small stands and big individual plants,and more boll-bearing branches and buds left in each plant.Cotton did not mature properly and output reduced in these years with low temperature.Therefore the strategy for cotton cropping in Ningxia is that working out cotton planting plans comprehensively based on Ningxia climatic features;expanding cotton area gradually through experiments,appling the integrated cotton cultural tech of 'high density,low plant height,early seeding and film covering',selecting new cultivars with the features of early maturation, high field and supper quality.