春小麦覆膜穴播栽培的增产效果及技术研究

Techniques and Yield-increase Effects of Bunch Planting Cultivation of Spring Wheat Covered With Plastic-sheet

春小麦覆膜穴播栽培比露地穴播和条播栽培每亩产量分别增加５０．２ｋｇ和９３．６ｋｇ，增产９．２％和１８．６％。其增产机理是：出苗早，生育天数延长，有利于小麦器官建成；幼穗分化时间提早，历经总天数延长８天，有利于小麦穗大、粒多；籽粒灌浆时间延长，干物质积累多，有利于粒重的提高。产量构成因素中，覆膜穴播比露地穴播和条播亩穗数增加１．２万和３．３万，每穗平均粒数增加１．９和１．１粒，千粒重与露地穴播接近，较条播增加２．３ｇ。

The plastic-sheet Covered bunch seeding increased the yield by 50.2kg/mo and 93.6kg/mo,up9.2%and 18.6%,respectively than these without Plastic-sheet covering in bunch seeding and row seeding.The mecbanism for yield rise are that the earlier germination and the longer growth peried are helpful in establishment of spring wheat organs,that the earlier young ear differentiation and the longed differentiation stage,8days,are good for the wheat ear growth and for the number rise of grain,and that the longer grain-filling and the more dry matter accumulation can increare the grain weig-ht certainly.The spring wheat with the plasticsheet covering in bunch seeding increased by 12000 ears/mo and 33000 ears/mo respectively than the bunch sowing and the row sowing without the plastic-sheet covering. The grain number of the spring wheat on the average went up 1.9 grains/ear and 1.1 grains/ear,one-thousand-grain weight was similar to that of the bunch seeding without mulching,and was 2.3g heavier that of row seeding.