摘要
作者在文中提出四个观点:(1)对自然资源的价值进行核算,与马克思主义的劳动价值学说并不予盾。(2)在资源价值核算中不能以西方经济学的边际效用学说作为理论基础,但边际分析作为一种数学分析方法可以借用。(3)区分国民财富和国民生产总值两个经济范畴。前者表述一国的财富家底,属于资产存量;后者表述一国产业活动的成绩,属于资产增量。(4)在耕地资源价值核算中,通过抽样调查和计算机模拟方法确定农产品边际成本;而在矿产资源价值核算中,以国际市场价格作为矿产品最优计划价格。根据价格=边际成本原则,估算资源开发利用的额外利润,据以确定资源价值量。
The author extends in the article the following points of view:1)The evaluation of mineral resources does not run counter to Marx's value theory;2)We cannot evaluate resources with marginal utility theory of western economics as the theoretical basis,whereas marginal analysis,as an mathematic approach,can be used;3)National wealth and GNP are two different economic concepts.The former represents the quantity of wealth a country possesses,a balanced value;the latter represents the country's indus- trial achievements,which belongs to added value;4)In evaluating cultivable land,the marginal cost of farm products are determined by sampling and computer simulation,while in mineral resources evaluation,price in the world market is chosen as the best planned price.By estimating the extra profit of resource exploitation according to the principle of price=marginal cost,we may obtain the value of resources.