海南岛特有植物的研究

ENDEMIC PLANTS OF HAINAN ISLAND

本文对海南岛的特有植物进行了统计分析，结果表明：海南岛的中国特有属有１９属，其中海南特有属８属；中国特有种１１１０种，其中海南特有种５０５种，隶属于７９科，２６７周。论述了海南特有种的科属组成和地理分布，并对石灰岩地区的特有植物作了简要分析。从海南岛与我国其他地区共有的中国特有种的统计可以看出，海南岛与广东的关系最为密切，次为广西，再次为云南，与华中的关系较为疏远。海南岛特有植物贫乏的原因是由于它脱离大陆的历史较短，又离大陆较近，以及岛上山峰海拔较低所致。

This paper deals with the Hainan endemic species and genera and their distribution. There are 19 China endemic genera of flowering plants in the island, 8 of which are endemic to Hainan, viz. Pyrenocarpa, Chunia, Setiacis, Parapyrenaria, Wenchengia,Metapetrocosmea, Pentastelma and Cathayanthe. The seed plants of this island amount to 3315 species, of which 1110 species are endearic to China and 505 species or 15.23% of the total species being endemic to Hainan. Most of them occur at altitudes of 300─1400m and some species appear only in limestone area. The flora of Hainan indicates closer relationships to that of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan than to that of E. China and C.China. Many China endemic species in Hainan are in common with those in Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan, but not in E. China and C. China. Some species, such as Casearia aequilaterais, Homalium paniculiflorum, Ardisia humilis, Diospyros strigosa, Pseuderanthemum haikangense, Munronia heterotricha and Artabotrys pilosua, occur only in Hainan and S.Guangdong. Those, such as Horsfieldia hainanensis, Munronia hainanensis, Cnesmone anisosepala, Goniothalamus chinensis, Hainania trichosperma, Oncodostigma hainanense, Firmiana pulcherrima and Aristolochia hainanensis are found only in Hainan and S. Guangxi, while Goniothalamus howii, Ziziphus fungii, Begonia anaustinei, angustinei, Schefflera Hainanensis and Symplocos lancilimba only recorded from Hainan and S. Yunnan. Such distribution patterns may beascribed to the relatively identical climate and geological history of Hainan, Guangdong,Ouangxi and Yunnan.