葛洲坝工程泥沙问题的研究与实践

Studies and practice of sedimentation problem at Gezhouba project

根据葛洲坝工程泥沙问题的研究与实残，对坝区和库区主要泥沙问题的研究成果与实际运行情况进行了对比分析。葛洲坝工程系低水头枢纽，坝区和库区的边界条件、水沙运动都很复杂。经过工程运行十余年实践，检验了前期工程泥沙问题的主要研究成果。坝区方面；研究了坝区淤积；通过坝区河势规划研究枢纽总体布置；采用＂静水通航、动水冲沙＂措施，解决船闸引航道的航行水流条件和泥沙淤积问题；根据弯道水流、泥沙运动规律，研究处理凸岸电站的引水防沙问题等。库区方面：研究了库区淤积；变动回水区航道的改善情况；回水末端随入库流量增大而下移，变动回水区上段出现河床冲刷等。葛洲坝工程泥沙问题研究采用原型观测调查、泥沙数学模型计算与实体模型试验结合进行。实践证明研究方法是正确的，研究成果与实际运行情况基本上是一致的。研究成果在数量上偏大，偏于安全。三峡工程泥沙问题采用与葛洲坝工程相同的泥沙数学模型和实体模型进行研究，葛洲坝工程泥沙问题的研究与实践对评议三峡工程泥沙研究成果和处理三峡工程泥沙问题，有十分重要的参考价值。

Based on researches of sedimentation problems at Gezhouba Project,in this paper the main research results in sedimentation in dam region and reservoir region as well as actual operating behavior are analysed and compared.The engineering practice of over ten years of the project has examined main results achieved in previous research work ,in the following aspects:sedimentation in dam region,river regime planning in dam region for studying general layout of the project,navigable flow conditions and sedimentation in approach channels to locks by means of 'navigation in still water and desilting by moving water',diverting water and sediment prevention for the power plant on the convex river bank,sedimentation in reservoir region,improvement of the navigation channel in nuctuating backwater area,end of backwater moves downward as the inflow increases,river bed scouring in the upper section of fluctuating backwater area,etc.The researches on sedimentation at Gezhouba were conducted by combining prototype observation and investigation,mathematical models computation with experimental studies by physical models. The engineering practice has proved that the research methods employed are correct and the research results are basically consistant with those in actual operation of the project' The research and practice in sedimentation at Gezhouba project are the valuable reference for studying sedimentation problems at Three Gorges Project.