谷子生育期及其构成与产量的关系

The Relationship between Growth Stages and Corresponding Components and Yields of Millet

对目前我国谷子主产区８６个不同熟期类型的代表品种出苗至抽穗，抽穗至成熟和全生育期，及三者与单株生产力相关性进行了研究。结果表明，不同熟期类型品种的营养生长与生殖生长的比例约为３：２，但同一类型的不同品种间仍存在着较大差异。早熟品种出苗至抽穗天数和全生育期均与产量呈极显著正相关。中熟、晚熟品种与产量相关不显著。说明产量随生育期延长而增加是有一定生育范围的。不同熟期类型的品种，不同生育阶段发育天数与产量的关系不同，在不延长全生育天数的前提下，早熟类型选择抽穗期迟的品种，可提高产量。中、晚熟类型则不宜以继续增加全生育天数而提高产量，应选择抽穗期与当地生态条件相适应的品种。所以认为，在谷子高产育种中，抽穗期应作为选择的主要指标之一。

in this paper,the days from emergence of seedlings to heading, the days from heading to maturity and the whole stage,as well as the correspondence between the foregoing three characters and the productivity of average millet were studied on the leading cultivars of 86 different mature stage types in the main production area of Chinese millet.The results showed the proportion Of vegetative growth and reproductive growth was about 3:2 of the varieties of different mature stage.types,while there are bigger odds among cultivars of the same type.The relation between the days from emergence of seedlings to heading as well as the whole growth stage and yields for the early-maturing types appeared significant linear positive correlationg while insignificant for the mid-maturing and the late-maturing ones.This demonstrated that yield increased with the prolonging growth stage only in a certain sphere.To varieties of different mature stage types,the reation between the days needed for different growth stages and yield is different.In the condition of not prolonging the whole growth days,if select the late heading cultivars of the early mature type,we may improve the yield.For the middle mature and late maturetypes,to improve the yield should select the cultivars whose heading stages were fit local ecological situations, not depend on prolonging the whole growth days. Therefore, we suggest that heading stage should be regarded as a criterion for selecton in the high-yield breeding of millets.