旱地小麦施肥效应及增产机理

Effects of Fertilizers and the Yield-Increasing Mechanism on Dryland Wheat

试验于１９８８～１９９２年在山西省永济县虞乡进行，结果表明，旱地施肥在不同年型和不同肥力条件下，对冬小麦产量的影响不同。地力瘠薄时，单施化肥小麦增产幅度小（０．７％～２９．９％），对产量的影响是丰水年＞常水年＞歉水年；有机肥与化肥配合施用，小麦增产幅度大（８４．７％～１５．８％），对产量的影响是歉水年＞常水年＞丰水年。施肥对旱地小麦产量的作用，主要是增加了小麦叶面积，延缓叶片衰老，从而提高了小麦对土壤水分的利用效率，实现旱地小麦高产、稳产。

Experiment was carried out at Yuxiang of Yongji couty in 1988￣1992,and the results showed that the effects of fertilizer on dryland wheat yield varies vith years and fertilty bases.Application of chemical fertilizers to the barren flelds results in a small increase(0.7￣29.9%)in grain yield.The arrangment is high-rainfall season>midium-rainfall season>low -rainfall season.Rational manuring with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer leads to a large increase(84.7-158.7%)in yield,the magnitudes of effects arranged as low-rainfall season>medium-rainfall season>high-rainfall season.The role of fertilizer in increasing yield was chiefly ifi the increase of leaf area and detainment of leaf senescence,hence the water use efficiency was increased,which lead to the realization of high and stable yield in dryland wheat.