水中有机致突变物综合评价指标探讨

Comprehensive Evaluation Index of Organic Mutagens in Water

目前为止全世界已在水中测定出2221种有机化合物,上海市“饮水与健康”协作组发现黄浦江水中有机物约达700种。采用通常的化学方法对水中有机物进行定性定量研究比较复杂,且花费昂贵,甚至不少化合物难以测定,不适宜经常性监测。目前实行的饮用水卫生标准亦不能全面反映出水中有机污染物的潜在危害。在Ames试验、UDS试验、SOS/umu试验、SCE试验、微核试验、细胞转化试验等6种能反映水中有机污染物潜在危害的短期生物试验中,以Ames试验最佳。经对黄浦江水质进行的Ames试验与肿瘤死亡率间的环境流行病学调查发现,其呈现的梯度变化比较符合实际情况,建议采用Ames试验作为评价水中有机污染物潜在危害的综合性指标。

2221 kinds of organic compounds have been detected in water to date. In Huangpu River, about 700 kinds of them were reported by the Drinking and Health Cooperation Group of Shanghai. Common chemical methods, most of them are complicated, expensive, and even invalid in quantitative analyses, are unfit for usual monitoring, and the current hygiene standard of drinking water cannot reflect the latent hazards of organic pollutants in water, either. Among the six related short-term bioassays, i.e., Ames test, UDS test, SOS/umu test, SCE test, MN test and cell transformation test, Ames test is the best one in detecting the latent hazards. Environmental epidemiology investigation of the relationship between the tumor mortality and Ames test results of water in Huangpu River has disclosed the gradient trend, which accords well with the facts. So we suggest using Ames test as the comprehensive index to evaluate the latent hazards of organic pollutants in water.