温度对中国对虾（Penaeus orientalis）越冬亲虾性腺发育与存活率的影响

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE GONAD DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL RATE OF PARENT PRAWN PENAEUS ORIENTALIS

本文根据１１ａ来中国对虾越冬亲虾生产性培育试验资料的统计分析结果得出：亲虾性腺发育的起点温度为７．９±０．３℃，性腺发育成熟的有效积温为２５０．４±３３．６日度，预测性腺发育成熟所需日期公式为。升高或降低越冬期间的基础水温可控制亲虾产卵时间迟早。产卵期间间歇升降温或连续升温，可控制亲虾集中产卵的次数和亲虾产卵持续时间。亲虾越冬期间，有利于提高亲虾存活率的水温，宜控制在８．０－１３．０℃，不宜超过１３．５℃，升降温幅度不宜超过１．５℃，以１．０℃左右为好。亲虾产卵期间，有利于亲虾存活率、产后卵子孵化率和亲虾再次产卵率的适宜水温为１２．０－１５．０℃，不宜超过１６．０℃，升降温幅度不宜超过１．０℃，以１．０℃以下为好。

his paper gives the statistical analysis of 11 years experimental data from mass parentprawn rearing of Penaeus orientalis years. Results obtained show that incipient temperaturefor gonad development of parent prawn is 7.9±0. 3℃.The effective accumulated tempera-ture for sexual maturity is 250.4+33. 6 day degree. The experimental formula to calculatethe sexual maturity time of parent prawn is:N=250. 4±33.6/T±(7.9-0. 3)(d)The model can be used to control the spawning time by rising or droping the basic tem-perature in overwintering period. Spawning batches and sustained spawning time can be con-trolled by intermittently droping or continually rising the temperature in spawning period.For rising the survival rate of parent prawn,the temperature should be controlled between8.0-13. 0℃ and never higher than 1. 5℃ in overwintering period. The optimum rising ordropping range of temperature is about,1.0℃. The suitable temperature for rising the sur-vival rate and hatching rate of eggs of parent prawn is between 12.0-15. 0℃ ,never higherthan 16, 0℃. It is better to limit the rising and droping range less than 1.0℃.