水稻直立穗性状评价与利用研究进展

Advance in Estimation and Utilizaton of Rice Erect Panicle

１９８６～１９９３年研究结果表明：水稻可根据颈穗弯曲度划分为直立、半直立和弯曲３种穗型；穗型与群体生理生态特性有密切关系，直立穗型群体结构合理，冠层光照强度、温度、湿度及ＣＯ２答等生态条件优越，中后期群体生长率高；直立穗型有利于提高耐肥抗倒性，与结实性、病虫害抗性及品质等并无直接关系；直立穗型生物产量高，缓和了穗数与穗粒数的矛盾，产量潜力大；直立穗型是由１对显性主效基因控制的，与株高等形态、解剖性状有密切关系。根据上述结果，笔者认为直立穗型可能是继矮化和理想株型以后水稻株型适应超高产要求的又一重要形态进化．

The result obtained in 1986- 1993 showed the rice panicles could be divided into threetrpes: erect, semi-erect and curved according tO the curvatare of panicle neck. The varieteswith erect panical had rational structure of population and good ecological conditions ofsunlight temperature, humidity and CO2, and higher growth rate of population during the latergrowth stage. The erect panicle was favourable to raising the resistance to lodging andfertilization rate. However, it had no direct relation with false smut of rice plant and the qualityof rice. The Character of erect Panicies was controled by a pair of dominant genes, which hadclose relations with the characters of plant morphology such as plant height, and anatomy.Moreover, the merits and demerits of erect panicle and its utilization were also discussed.