中国农村工业化与环境问题研究

The Rural Industrialization andEnvironment in China

在村工业化的崛起并持续高涨，是中国社会几十年来的重大变革之一。它挣脱了极其稀缺的土地资源对农村发展的束缚，拓展了农村资源利用的范围和深度，为农村经济的振兴找到了一条成功之路。它也是中国农民在当时历史和现实条件下所做的必然选择。由于受到“离土不离乡、进厂不进城”和“就地转移”政策的严格规定，导致了高度分散式布局，并不可避免地造成高昂的管理成本和交易费用，以及巨大的资源浪费和环境损害。这种规模不经济和外部不经济的双重作用导致了农村工业的总体效益低下，在统计表上产值连年增长的背后是看不见的巨大的发展代价，并反过来深深地影响到农村工业健康、稳定和持续发展。因此，由高度分散走向合理集中已成为一种必然趋势。而本文提出的农村工业开发小区综合管理的模式就不失为一个可行的选择。

The arising and continually raising of rural industry is one of the most important socialreforms in China. It smashed the trammels of the scarccty of land resources for the rural develop-ment, lifted the limits and openned up the depth of the rural resources utilization. It founded asuccessful path for the vitalization of rural economy. That is the inevitable choicc for the C hina'speasants under the history and current cond ition.Because the policics of 'leave the cultivated land but stay in the native place', 'ransfer thelabour surplus of agriculture to the non-agriculture sections only within rural arca' have seriousand obviously disadvantages, which hindered the expanding of enterprises scale and the rationalcentralization of spatial allocation, resulted in high cost of management and transaciton, as well ashuge resources waste and environmental damages. The dual effects of diseconomy of scale and ex-tabeal diseconomy leads to the low efficicncy of total rural industry. There. is a high cost of devel-opment that can not been seen behind of the output value increasing year by year on the statislictable, in turn, it affects the healthy. stable and sustainablc dcvelopment of rural industry decply.To establish rural industrial development zone and adopt the strategy that deccntralized in big re-gion and centralized in small region will ach ieve thcsc goals.